Soil conservation

As the living interface between vegetation cover and geological subsurface, soil forms the skin of our planet. The solid rock envelope, the biosphere, the atmosphere, and the hydrosphere overlap in soils. Compared to the skin of the human body, this soil layer is many times thinner and extremely vulnerable.

Soil is a limited resource and not renewable within the timespan of a few human generations. Soil provides numerous ecosystem services which are essential for human life, and it forms the basis for a wide range of human activities. Despite its enormous importance for plant, animal, and human life, soil is a medium which has received far too little attention; for example, the immense abundance of soil life is still largely unexplored. A handful of vital soil contains more living organisms than there are humans living on earth.

The conservation of soils is therefore of utmost importance! This is especially true for mountainous regions such as the Alpine area, where soils are much more vulnerable and endangered due to the region’s steep reliefs, shallow soils, and longer formation times. Another challenge for soil in Alpine areas is climate change, which is progressing more rapidly in mountainous areas and is much more noticeable than in other regions.

Healthy soils are key to mitigating and adapting to climate change, to preserving biodiversity, and to achieving food security. However, vast quantities of healthy soils are lost every day. This loss is largely caused by human soil consumption. This is especially crucial in the Alps, where the availability of soil is particularly limited.

Soil fertility and avoiding degradation are basic preconditions for a high quality of life.

The Contracting Parties of the Alpine Convention have committed to “reducing quantitative and qualitative soil damage, in particular by applying agricultural and forestry methods which do not harm the soil, through minimum interference with soil and land, control of erosion and the restriction of soil sealing” (Framework Convention Art. 2, 2d). Furthermore, the XV Alpine Conference welcomed the declaration “Sustainable Land Use and Soil Protection – Joining Forces for Nature, People and the Economy”, which was developed by the EUSALP Action group 6, which is led by the Permanent Secretariat of the Alpine Convention and the Province of Carinthia.

Since results in the field of soil protection require perseverance and continuous efforts, long-term strategies for relevant cooperation partners are necessary. Successful first steps are important and long-term approaches are required for core aspects of soil protection. A structured approach is needed for the comprehensive and, above all, sustainable integration of soil protection into all affected thematic areas. Thus, the “Long-Term Action Plan for the implementation of provisions and declarations on soil protection in the specific context of the Alpine region” was adopted by the XVII Alpine Conference in October 2022.

Protocols and Declarations

• Soil Conservation Protocol

Thematic Working Bodies

• Soil Protection Working Group

EUSALP Action Group 6 on the “Preservation and valorisation of natural resources, including water and cultural resources”, which is led by the Permanent Secretariat of the Alpine Convention and the Province of Carinthia also deals with the topic of soil.

Selected Documents and Publications

• Long-Term Action Plan for the implementation of provisions and declarations on soil protection in the specific context of the Alpine region (2022)

• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Voluntary Guidelines for Sustainable Soil Management (German and Slovenian versions co-published by the FAO and the Permanent Secretariat of the Alpine Convention)

• Soil functions and spatial planning in the Alps - Workshop documentation (2022)

• Alpine Soil Newsletter (3 editions)

• Summary of statements from the Alps on LUCAS Soil 2022 by the Soil Protection Technical Working Group (2020)

• Report “Economical and prudent use of soil in the Alps” (2020)

• Stock-taking summary of permanent soil monitoring areas in the perimeter of the Alpine Convention (Annex 1, Annex 2) (2020)

• Cooperation with the JRC regarding the Soil Conservation Protocol Articles 20 and 21: Harmonised Databases and Soil Monitoring (2020)

• Stock-taking of institutions, projects and networks relevant for soil protection in the Alps (2020)

• In-depth report of the Compliance Committee (2019) - available in German, French, Italian, and Slovenian (2019) 

• Soil Declaration “Sustainable Land Use and Soil Protection – Joining Forces for Nature, People and the Economy”; elaborated by EUSALP Action Group 6(2018)

• Resolutions by the 13^th Youth Parliament of the Alpine Convention (2018)

• Quo vadis soil protection in the Alps? Assessment of the Alpine Convention Soil Conservation Protocol and preparation/implementation of an international conference (2018)

• Alpine Soil Symposium: Soil Conservation Protocol of the Alpine Convention - between demand and reality (conference report) (23-24 June 2016)

Projects

• Alpine peatlands and climate protection (2021 - 2022)

• Workshop on soil functions and spatial planning in the Alps (29-30 March 2022)

• Links4Soils (Alpine Space Programme) - project for connecting Alpine soil knowledge for sustainable ecosystem governance (2016-2020)

• The Alpine Soil Partnership/Platform