Topics

The Alps represent a remarkable ecological system with diverse flora and fauna, yet this biodiversity is under pressure from many sources. This is why the Alpine Convention works to strengthen collective efforts to protect this unique environment.

Temperatures are increasing almost twice as quickly in the Alps as in the rest of the northern hemisphere, strongly affecting the Alpine environment. The Alpine Convention is tackling climate change mitigation and adaptation as an integrated, transversal topic.

Today, energy makes up the foundation of almost all human activities. To halt climate change, substituting fossil fuels with renewable sources of energy is paramount. Balancing energy needs with nature protection is a priority for the Alpine Convention.

The Alpine landscape is widely characterised by forests, which cover more than 40% of the territory. Keeping these forests healthy is important for protecting against natural hazards, for renewable sources of raw materials and energy, and to contribute to climate mitigation.

To implement the Alpine Convention, economic activities should be geared towards a low-carbon, resource-efficient model and contribute to environmental and social improvement.

The Alpine Convention strives to protect and promote systems of farming that are adapted to local conditions and which are both environmentally and socially sustainable.

The harsh Alpine landscapes are particularly subject to natural hazards, and risks are increasing due to climate change. Informing the public and preventing impacts are two key objectives of the Alpine Convention.

The Alps have a rich cultural and linguistic diversity, kept alive by the nearly 15 million inhabitants. It is important to be aware of changing population dynamics and emphasise the links between culture and the environment.

The inhabitants of the Alps greatly value their natural environment. To secure a high quality of life, it is necessary to recognise and preserve this asset while addressing the specific territorial challenges.

Alpine soils are crucial for all aspects of life in the region but they are under pressure from climate and land use changes. The Alpine Convention aims to reduce soil damage by focusing on preserving fertility, controlling erosion, and restricting soil sealing.

In the Alps, less than 20% of the surface is suitable for human settlement. This means that coordinating competing demands on this space in a sustainable way is key and must be done across borders and sectors.

People are drawn to the natural beauty and cultural heritage of the Alps which is why it is no surprise that tourism is one of the main sources of income. Protecting this heritage requires a balanced approach based on sustainable tourism.

The Alps lie at the heart of Europe and are crossed by many major international transport corridors. One of the Alpine Convention’s main objectives is to promote sustainable means of transport; in particular, a transition of freight and passenger traffic from road to rail.

The Alps are a freshwater source for large parts of Europe but managing competing uses can be challenging as is addressing the natural disasters caused by water. This requires the preservation or restoration of healthy water systems, also across borders.